Cars have always been hardwired. However, we have moved to using software for most of their functions. Software-defined vehicles (SDV) are more adaptable and smarter than their traditional counterparts. We will check what the SDV is, the power stack behind the technology, and how it is changing the future of driving.
What is SDV Technology?
SDV technology is the ability to run vehicles using software capabilities. The technology runs the major functions of the vehicle related to safety, entertainment, comfort, and driving. An onboard computer handles the majority of the functions, while cloud connectivity brings in over-the-air (OTA) updates. Manufacturers of SDVs can improve their vehicles long after they leave the showrooms.
This capability has several advantages for car owners. For example, it is easy to upgrade the car’s navigation or enhance its fuel efficiency without having it checked at the auto shop. The manufacturer would just send software updates that affect the desired functionalities. To learn more about SDV, explore how the software is used in various applications.
Essentially, cars run like smartphones, where updates bring in new capabilities. For car owners, that makes the car relevant for long periods and cuts down the need for regular hardware changes.
The Tech Stack behind SDVs
For the software-defined vehicles to operate effectively, they combine various technologies, software solutions and hardware. Each component plays a part in the ecosystem, and as one, they ensure that all features of the vehicle are working. Here are the main components.
Central Computer
Traditional cars use many small computers, called electronic control units (ECUs), for different systems. This means the like centralized control of functionalities. However, SDVs have an on-board computer that does all the work. The computer has software that controls the interior, hardware components, navigation, and safety features.
Onboard computers allow manufacturers to access any function on the vehicle through the computer and have updates to improve specific components. Essentially, the vehicle is more like the housing of a large computer, with different functions being its terminals.
Cloud Connectivity
Another key component of the SDV technology is cloud connectivity. The onboard computer connects to the manufacturer’s servers and similar vehicles, where it receives updates and important changes. Communication with other vehicles allows it to share vital data on issues like navigation, safety, and maintenance, creating a pool of smart cars that make better decisions.
Manufacturers access the cloud platforms to tar and analyze vehicle data. From the analysis, they can roll out updates, tweak performance, and introduce new features remotely.
Automotive Operating Systems
SDVs use operating systems (OS) like QNX or Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) to connect hardware and software. They manage critical functions such as braking or steering and run apps like infotainment systems. There are usually several other programs that handle specific areas of functionality like human interfaces and entertainment. All updates and apps are fed into the OS during manufacture or via the internet.
Sensors
Cars are fitted with different sensors to assist the driver in making decisions. These include items like cameras, radar, and LiDAR to collect data about their surroundings. The data is then fed to the computer, where the software makes decisions based on the inputs given. Here is an example: if a camera picks up a pedestrian crossing, the software can help limit the speed for easy braking. On the other hand, a reverse gear activates the camera at the back on the infotainment screen to act as an extra set of eyes behind the car.
Over time, sensor data collection has become better. The software has also improved at making quick and accurate decisions based on the data provided. As the technology improves and AI becomes widespread, we expect the cars to become smarter and safer.
Human-machine interface (HMI)
The human-machine interface (HMI) is a set of hardware that communicates with drivers and occupants. These interfaces include augmented displays, voice controls, and touchscreens. For example, if you input your destination on the display, the car’s navigation system shows the direction to take. This may be accompanied by voice instructions that alert the driver.
Most SDVs have interactive displays to reduce distractions on the road. Voice commands and touchscreens reduce the cognitive load on drivers so that their eyes are always on the road. Tomorrow, cars will offer more seamless interactions and offer better driver assistance.
Edge Computing and Data Storage
Manufacturers have added data storage capabilities to SDVs. This allows computers to receive and process data locally for quick decision-making. The computers have solid-state drives that store the data for processing or sending it to the cloud. Edge computing allows them to process data locally in the car. This reduces reliance on the cloud for real-time tasks like collision avoidance. For example, edge computing allows a car to react instantly to a sudden obstacle even without connectivity.
The stored data can then be fed onto the cloud for long-term analytics and tracking vehicle performance. With edge computing, offline SDVs are as good as those connected to the internet.
Technologies that Power SDVs
SDVs use different technologies to power their functions. Here are some of the common technologies in use.
Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates
OTA is a technology that allows carmakers to add updates to vehicles or resolve issues remotely. These updates keep the vehicles fresh and allow them to adapt to emerging issues in the driving world. Additionally, the manufacturer does not need to recall the vehicles to improve them or resolve pertinent issues.
Manufacturers have also used this feature to test new features on a small set of vehicles and track performance over time. It also creates big data for use in creating new vehicles for the future.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence eliminates human analysis of data and errors for smart decision-making. It powers such systems as ADAS (driver-assistance systems), processes sensor data for navigation, and predicts maintenance for the vehicle. This reduces unexpected breakdowns and lowers maintenance costs.
AI can also personalize features to meet individual user needs. For example, it can adjust interior climate control, cruise, and seat heating depending on regular settings fed by the driver. It also works with driver assistance programs to check on possible safety issues long before they occur.
SDV is the Technology for the Future
Software-defined vehicles differ from traditional vehicles because they utilize advanced computing systems to perform various functions and manage different functions. Manufacturers can also improve vehicles years down the line remotely, something that is lacking in traditional vehicles. Additionally, these vehicles make use of big data and artificial intelligence to process data and make split-second decisions that improve both comfort and safety on the road. As the technology evolves, we expect to see more capabilities available on vehicles.
